Pavement and the like.



W. E. FIOKLEN.

PAVEMENT AND THE LIKE.

APPLICATION FILED 001212, 1912.

NVE/VTOR WM 5 M ATTORNEY pi i TED srarrns "PATENT OFFICE.

' wiLLIAM' a. ricxnnlv, on NEW roux, N. Y."

PAVEMENT sunr se LIKE.

Specification of Letters Patent.-

Continuation of application Serial-No. 633,353, filed iune 15, 1911. This application filed October 12, -312.

. Serial No.725,393.

To all whom, it mayeconcem:

Be it"knownthat I, WILLIAM E. FICKLEN, a citizen of the United States, residing in the borough of Brooklyn, city of New" York, county and State of New York, have invented certain'new and useful Improvements in Pavements and the like, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in pavements and the like.

More specifically, the invention has to do with concrete pavements, whether the ocment forming part of the same be hydraulic,

bituminous or of other character, and the invention is directed-to the strengthening,

hardening and reinforcing of the pavement, and particularly of the wearing surface thereof.

The invention is especially applicable to curb and gutter edges, expansion joint edges,

and to cross walks and all other surfaces subjected to hard wear and roug'h'usage;

It is also applicable'for building purposes,

sewer piping and other structures where strength and toughness are important. Briefly, the invention consists 1n mixmg with, or otherwise mtroduclng into, concrete, asphalt or other structural material,

.-.the'n1etal.in,edgings for curbs,'gutters, ex-

pansion joints, and the like, the metal may be mixed with the concrete or other unset material to form the edging material before the latter is laid, or it may be introduced before thematerial has set or hardened, but after iti'has been laid.

The' metaluwhen applied as hereinafter described has many important functions. In pavements, it renders the surface, for all practical purposes, as hard and wear-resisting would be a surface'entirely of metal, without, however, making the pavement noisy or slippery. It acts as a true reinforcemcnt,.in that,by reason of the character of the metal pieces, and of the manuerof insertingthesame,they provide the tensile and compressive strength necessary to resist expansion and contraction, so that cree ing, cracking, and folding of concrete an .asphalt surfacing .layers may be practically eliminated. The metal prevents hydraulic concrete from chipping and dusting, and prevents any paving material from disintegrating and sinking. The elimination of dusting is of largeflimportan'ce in the application of the inventionito -factorynnd other floors, since the dust "and crumpling incident to such floors, particularly when made of hydraulic concrete, has been the cause of injury to the machinery and fabrics and other articles within the building. By reason of the added strength of the material due to the metal, the thickness of surfacing. layers or other bodies of concrete, whether hydraulic, bituminous or asphaltic, may be greatly reduced, and a large saving thus effected. As applied to asphalt'and bituminous pavements, mutilation of the pavement in hot weather, by the sinking ofhorses hoofs and wheeltires into the same, is prevented.

In the present invention as applied to pavements, the metal pieces are shown so shaped that each lies in more than one plane. For this-reason, any piece of metal'presented to trafiic will always have a'portion thereof extending down into the structure to serve as an anchorage for the metal. I have also prescribed a size of from i to 1%" as the preferable and best size for this metal. If of-larger' size, there would be a liability of the metal being teetered and displaced when struck. at one end by a hoof'or tire.

The invention and the various applications of the same will more fully appear from the accompanying drawings, in which- 7 Figure 1 is a view in perspective of a cross sectional strip of a roadway having a top Patented June 2, 1914.

or wearing surface containing as an ingredi- The surface or wearing layer '2 of the pavement contains as a component thereof a quantity of metal pieces 3, shown as of ring shape, but which may be of any suitable shape. The wearing layer in Fig.1 is ex tendedover the entire road surface, and over the gutters and curbs of the sidewalks. The pavement is preferably provided. with expansion joints, as shown at t; and the wearing layer 2 is of suliicient depth to provide a metal protection for somedistance down the sides ollihe, joints, so that chipping cannot take place at these joints. The metal in the laye'rQ also serves to prevent chipping at the curb edges 5. As heretofore indicated, the material of the wearing layerQ may have the metal 3 mixed therein before the same is applied to the roadway, or the metal may be scattered'onthe surface, and rolled or otherwise pressed, into the Wearing surface before the latter has com pletely set or hardened. The wearing surface 2 may be of hydraulic or similar cement; or, it,may be an asphalt mixture. The functions of the metal have been heretofore set forth.

In the modification of the invention shown .in Fig. 2, the metal mixture 6 is shown as appliedonly at the expansion joints 4, and at the curb edges 5. The rest of the roadway may be of any suitable hydraulic or other cement, or concrete, ormay be of an asphalt. mixture. It may or may not be built in several layers. i

In Fig. 3, the. metal piece 7 is shown as a strip with a. hook 8 at each end, and bent at 9 near the center, so that it will be in more than one plane when in place in the pavement.

The member 10 shown in Fig. 4 is elliptical in shape,-and is bent at 1.1,so that the two halves are in ditl'erent planes.

Fig. 5 shows a metal piece 12 in the form of a chain link with the ends 13 turned in opposite directions out of'the plane of the central portion 14:. i

The metal 15 of Fig. 6 resembles a staple, but is bent at 16 to throw the ends of'the prongs out of the plane of therest of the wee.

In Fig. 7 there is shown a piece of metal 17 hooked at; both ends 18,. andbent at 19.

The metal 20 of Fig. 8 is in somewhat the form of a figure 8 with portions thereof crossing each other in different planes at 21.

Fig. 9 shows a metal member 2:2 in the form of aspiral.

Many other forms of metal might be adopted; and thesemetal pieces should preferably be of size between 9; and 1-. in the line of their greatest d1mens1ons. The size of the metal will be largely determined by.

the size of the other coarse ingredients of the wearingmaterial, where such other coarse ingredients are present.

The metal mixture, in additirm to the uses specifically mentioned. is adapted to a 'variety of uses. Its in. building constructions will be obvious. Pillar, posts, tics. boats, heavy piping, coiiiduits, dents and 1"..any other structures may be. formed in whole o" in part of the metal mixture. In fact it lz uld be use-nil wherever concrete may be us d, and particularly wher ver added strength or hardness is desired.

This case a continuation oil. my application Serial No. 633,373, filed June 15, 1911, for pavements and the like, is far as the subject matter of the two "ases is the same.

\Vhut I claim is: i

1. A concrete block for paving and the hmn a. massof metallic slugs o1" s i e: OCllGCl therein along too border tlu :l at iiiS upper surface.

2. An edging for pavements, crosswallts, curbs and other structures, consisting of hydraulic cement concrete or the like, with a mass of small rustproof metal elements of predetermined size and thickness embodied therein and indiscriminately positioned therein in relation to each other.

3. An edging for pavements, crosswalks, curbs and other structures, consisting or hydraulic cement concrete with a mass of small metal elements of predetermined size and thickness embedded therein and indiscriminately positioned therein with relation to each other.

4. A concrete mixture of the class described, consisting of a, suitable concrete,

filler, and cement, having intimately mixed therewith a massof' metal strips, rods or wires, each of which is fashioned into a shape of tortuous 'coi'ifiguration, wholly curved, wholly angular, or a combination of both, the axis of each lying in separate planes from the plane upon which it rests.

A pavement wearing surface consisting of a-paving mixture, .and a mass of metal elements intimately mixed therewith, each of said strips fashioned into a curved or angular shape of tortuous configuration not exceeding two inches in its greatest dimension, the body of each shape extending wholly away from its plane of rest.

6. An. article of manufacture for the purpose described, consisting of an elongated. metal strip so shaped that itsv axis lies in several planes, each of which is separate from the lane of its'supporting point when the body is in a position of rest.

7 An article of manitifacture for the purpose described consisting of. an elongated metal strip fashioned into a shape of tortuous configuration, wholly curved or wholly angular or a con'ibiiuation of both, whereby each individual shape will lie wholly above the plane upon which it rests.

8. An article of manutactiu'e for the purpose described consisting of an elongated v metal strip fashioned into a curved or angular shape of tortuousconfiguration, not exceeding two inches in its greatest dimension, whereby the body of each shape is bounded by two parallel planes.

. 9. A paving mixture consisting of a suitable aggregate, filler and cement intermingled with a mass of metal rods or Wires,

each of which is fashionedinto shapes of tortuous configurations, Wholly curved,

Wholly angular, or a combination of both,

whereby the body of each lies separated from its plane of rest.

10. A concrete block for paving and the like having a mass of miniature metallic slugs r shapes embodied therein along the border. thereof at its upper surface in sufficient number to constitute a corner protector, said slugs or shapes being also disposed across the upper surface of the block.

11. A Wearing surface for pavements, crosswalks, curbs and other structures consisting of hydraulic cement concrete or the like, with a mass of small elements of pre determined size and thickness embodied therein at the upper surface and indiscriminately positioned therein in relation to each other, a sufficient number of said elements being disposed along the edging to constitute a corner protector.

Signed by me at New York city, N. Y., this th day of October, 1912.

WVILLIAM E.. F ICKLEN. W'itnesses:

G. H. D. FOSTER,

MARTHA ZITZMAN. 

